Publicaciones 2016 en revistas del exterior

Duval M.E., J.A. Galantini, J.M. Martinez, F.M. López, L. Wall. 2016. Sensitivity of different soil quality indicators to assess sustainable land management: Influence of site features and seasonality. Soil & Tillage Research 159: 9-22.

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The turnover rate of labile organic fractions varies continuously due to different soil uses and managements, weather conditions and time of sampling. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of different agricultural management, season and soil type on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its different fractions. The study was conducted on four sites located in the Argentinean Pampas. In each site, three treatments were defined: Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), Poor Agricultural Practices (PAP) and Natural Environment (NE). During two consecutive years (2010 and 2011) and at two different times (February and September) undisturbed soil samples were taken at0-20 cm depth. Variables assessed included: SOC and its organic fractions: coarse and fine particulate organic carbon (POCc and POCf, respectively), SOC associated with a mineral fraction (MOC), total and soluble carbohydrates (CHt and CHs, respectively), bulk density, and large pores (P>30). Also, indices associated with soil and management variables were determined. SOC reductions caused by agricultural practices were mainly from POCc. This fraction represented 34-52% and 50-74% for PAP and GAP, respectively, of the observed in NE. The carbon pool index (CPI) shows that agricultural treatments induced greater variations in all the labile organic fractions compared with SOC and MOC. In turn, the magnitude of variability was different among fractions, where temporal fluctuations increased according to the following order MOC< SOC <POCf≤CHt<CHs ≤ POCc. Independently of the soil type, the CPI was a sensitive indicator of soil quality in these systems under no-tillage. The multivariate analysis has proven to be an efficient analytical methodology for the identification of soil indicators that respond to agricultural practices, in which chemical properties (POCf and CHt), physical (BD and P>30), and indices (SOC:clay, structural index and intensification sequence index) were the variables that best explained the total variance of information of the four sites. Therefore, these indicators/indices should be included in any minimum data set for evaluating the agricultural soil quality under no-tillage in the studied area.

Keywords: Soil organic carbon; Organic fractions; Multivariate analysis

Galantini, J.A.; M. Duval; J.M. Martinez; V. Mora; R. Baigorri & J.M. García-Mina. 2016. Quality and quantity of organic fractions as affected by soil depth in an argiudoll under till and no-till systems. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 10 (5) - doi:10.9734/IJPSS/2016/25205

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The turnover rate of labile organic fractions varies continuously due to different soil uses and managements, weather conditions and time of sampling. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of different agricultural management, season and soil type on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its different fractions. The study was conducted on four sites located in the Argentinean Pampas. In each site, three treatments were defined: Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), Poor Agricultural Practices (PAP) and Natural Environment (NE). During two consecutive years (2010 and 2011) and at two different times (February and September) undisturbed soil samples were taken at0-20 cm depth. Variables assessed included: SOC and its organic fractions: coarse and fine particulate organic carbon (POCc and POCf, respectively), SOC associated with a mineral fraction (MOC), total and soluble carbohydrates (CHt and CHs, respectively), bulk density, and large pores (P>30). Also, indices associated with soil and management variables were determined. SOC reductions caused by agricultural practices were mainly from POCc. This fraction represented 34-52% and 50-74% for PAP and GAP, respectively, of the observed in NE. The carbon pool index (CPI) shows that agricultural treatments induced greater variations in all the labile organic fractions compared with SOC and MOC. In turn, the magnitude of variability was different among fractions, where temporal fluctuations increased according to the following order MOC< SOC <POCf≤CHt<CHs ≤ POCc. Independently of the soil type, the CPI was a sensitive indicator of soil quality in these systems under no-tillage. The multivariate analysis has proven to be an efficient analytical methodology for the identification of soil indicators that respond to agricultural practices, in which chemical properties (POCf and CHt), physical (BD and P>30), and indices (SOC:clay, structural index and intensification sequence index) were the variables that best explained the total variance of information of the four sites. Therefore, these indicators/indices should be included in any minimum data set for evaluating the agricultural soil quality under no-tillage in the studied area.

Keywords: Soil organic carbon; Organic fractions; Multivariate analysis

Duval M., J.A. Galantini, Julia E. Capurro, J.M. Martinez, F.M. López. 2016. Use of different winter cover crops species in soybean monoculture: effects on soil organic carbon and its fractions. Soil & Tillage Research 161:95-105 doi:10.1016/j.still.2016.04.006

 ISSN: 0167-1987

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The current agricultural production systems in the Pampas Region have been significantly simplified by cultivating large land areas under no tillage (NT), where soybean is the predominant crop. These systems with long periods of fall-winter fallow and poor annual input of carbon (C) into the soil lead to soil degradation, thereby affecting physical and chemical properties. A 6-year cover crop study was carried out on a Typic Argiudoll under NT in the south of Santa Fe, Argentina. Various winter species were used as cover crops: wheat (W), oat (O), vetch (V), an oat + vetch mixture (O + V) and a control (Ct) treatment without a cover crop. We examined the influence of cover crops on the following soil organic C-fractions: coarse particulate organic carbon (POCc), fine particulate organic carbon (POCf) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) from 2008 to 2011. Aboveground carbon input by the cover crops was related to the June to October rainfalls. In general, the W and O treatments supplied a higher amount of C to the soil; these gramineous species produced 22 and 86% more biomass than O + V and V. The water cost of including cover crops ranged from 13 to 93 mm compared with Ct. However, this water-use did not affect soybean yields. On average, gramineous species (pure stand or mixture) supplied more than 3.0 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ to the soil, whereas V supplied less than 2.0 Mg C ha⁻¹ year−1. Increase in the mean annual C-input by residues into the soil (cover crop + soybean) explained most SOC variation (R² = 0.61; p < 0.05). This relationship was more evident with labile soil organic fractions, both for POCc (R² = 0.91; p < 0.001) and POCc + POCf (R² = 0.81; p < 0.001). The stratification ratios of SOC (SI, 0–5:10–20 cm) reflected differences among treatments, where >2.0 for W; 1.7 for O, O + V and V, and <1.5 for Ct. Soil physical fractionation by particle size showed that cover crops affected the most dynamic fraction directly associated with residue input (POCc) at 0–5 and 5–10 cm. At 0–5 cm, the effects were observed in the most transformed fractions (MOC and POCf) 4 years after the experiment started, whereas at 0–20 cm, differences in the labile fractions (POCc and POCf) were found at the end of the experiment (6 years). Although C-input by the cover crops fueled decomposition of labile soil organic fractions, concentration of surface SOC and its associated fractions (POCc, POCf and MOC) was modified after 6 years. This effect became noticeable during the third year when the plots under cover crops showed a higher SI than the traditional fallow.

Keywords Wheat; Labile fractions; No-tillage

Zalba P., N.M. Amiotti, J.A. Galantini, S. Pistola. 2016. Soil humic and fulvic acids from different land use systems evaluated by E4/E6 ratios. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 47 (13-14) 1675-1679. Doi 10.1080/00103624.2016.1206558

ISSN: 0010-3624 (Print) 1532-2416 (Online)

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Changes in land-use systems such as the introduction of trees on agricultural land can give rise to changes in the physicochemical properties of the soils, also affecting the quantity and quality of organic matter incorporated into the system. The present study assesses humic substances (HS) in the soil such as humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) by looking at the relationship between the optic densities determined at 465 and 665 nm (E4/E6 ratio). Topsoil samples (0–20 cm) from pine woodlands 60 years of age were compared with agricultural soils of similar age in the central-south region of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The pH of the topsoil from beneath the pine trees was highly acidic (5.0 vs. 6.2) and a significant increase in the level of organic carbon (OC) was registered. The carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio was also higher (by one order of magnitude) beneath the pine trees, although the humification conditions of the soil organic matter (SOM) were good in the soils of both studied land-use systems. The E4/E6 ratio was higher in the HA and FA 2 (second extraction) beneath the pines, indicating a smaller molecular size of the HS bound to the clay minerals. This fact can be attributed to the higher concentration of hydrogen ions beneath the pines and consequently the loss of polyvalent cations, mainly calcium. The most labile organic molecules (FA 1 – first extraction) were of a larger size in soils beneath the pines, most likely owing to a specific characteristic of the Pinus genus, although the fraction in question constitutes a minority fraction among the HS. Clear differences were established between the E4/E6 ratios in HA and FA, making this a highly useful method for determining molecular changes in HS as a result of changes in land use.

KEYWORDS: Fulvic acid, humic acid, pinus afforestation

Cropping Systems: Applications, Management and Impact

Cropping Systems: Applications, Management and Impact

Editors: Johanna G. Hodges

Book Description:

This book provides a discussion on the applications, management and impact of cropping systems. 

Diagnóstico nutricional en el cultivo de trigo

Nuevo Libro

La continua perdida de la fertilidad natural luego de décadas de agricultura y los rendimientos cada vez mas altos hacen que la fertilización sea una practica indispensable en los sistemas productivos actuales. Del correcto diagnostico de la necesidad de nutrientes que va a tener el cultivo depende el resultado final. La aplicación de una dosis menor a la optima, hará que el rendimiento este por debajo del potencial. Con aplicaciones excesivas, se obtendrán altos rendimientos, pero con importantes perdidas que llevan a un balance económico negativo y a posibles problemas ambientales. La aplicación de un solo nutriente, puede generar un desbalance nutricional en la planta que afecte la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos. Es decir, un buen diagnostico nutricional puede ayudar a optimizar la eficiencia en el uso de los nutrientes y permitir plantear estrategias adecuadas para el manejo de la fertilización.
En este libro se analiza la experiencia obtenida aplicando la metodología DRIS (Sistema Integrado de Diagnostico y Recomendación, del ingles Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) en trigo.
Landriscini M.R., J.A. Galantini. 2016. Diagnóstico Nutricional en el Cultivo de Trigo. Aplicación de la metodología DRIS en la región semiárida bonaerense de Argentina. Editorial Academica Española 55 págs 

Ciencia del Suelo Volumen 34 Numero 1

Ya esta disponible la Revista Ciencia del Suelo de Argentina con las siguientes publicaciones del grupo:

Beltrán M., L. Brutti, R. Romaniuk, S. Bacigaluppo, F. Salvagiotti, H. Sainz-Rosa, J.A. Galantini. Efecto del trigo como cultivo de cobertura sobre la dinámica de la materia orgánica en el suelo y la disponibilidad de macro y micronutrientes. Ciencia del Suelo 34(1) 67-79.

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Martínez J.M., J.A. Galantini, M.R. Landriscini, F.M. López, M.E. Duval. Fertilización nitrogenada en la región subhúmeda Bonaerense: Eficiencia del uso del agua y del nitrógeno. Ciencia del Suelo 34(1) 81-92.

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Landriscini M.R., J.A. Galantini, J.M. Martínez. Destino y recuperación del fertilizante foliar en trigo usando la técnica isotópica de ¹⁵N. Ciencia del Suelo 34(1) 155-162.

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Determinacion del carbono en las fracciones organicas del suelo y los factores de oxidacion

Galantini J.A., R.A. Rosell, J.O. Iglesias. 1994. Determinación de materia orgánica en fracciones granulométricas de suelos de la región semiárida bonaerense. Ciencia del Suelo (Argentina) 12 (2) 81-83.

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La materia orgánica (MO) ha sido estudiada durante años por su relación con las propiedades del suelo que mejoran la calidad y fertilidad del suelo. El fraccionamiento de la MO ha demostrado ser una herramienta útil que aporta información sobre el ciclado de ciclado de los diferentes materiales orgánicos y sus características estructurales. Se analizaron las diferencias en los resultados de MO o carbono orgánico (CO) determinados por el método de combustión húmeda (Walkley & Black, 1934) y seca (Leco Carbon Analyzer). Se compararon suelos texturalmente diferentes y sus fracciones obtenidas por tamizado en húmedo: CO de la fracción fina (COV, 0-100 µm), gruesa (COJ, 100-2000 µm) y total (COT, 0-2000 µm). Se encontró que el factor de oxidación ampliamente utilizado (0,76) es diferente al encontrado en estos suelos. Los valores obtenidos para este factor fueron: 0,79 (COV), 1,00 (COJ) y 0,90 (COT). Además, al estimar el contenido de MO a partir de los datos de CO usando el factor 1,724, ampliamente difundido e indica que la MO tiene 58% de CO, puede generar errores importantes al analizar las fracciones lábiles. Los residuos del trigo, principal componente de la MO particulada en esta región, tienen un contenido de carbono alrededor del 38-44%. En la medida que los suelos son de textura mas arenosa la proporción de material particulado aumenta aumentando la probabilidad de este tipo de errores.

Rotación y fertilización en sistemas de producción de la región semiárida

Galantini J.A., J.O. Iglesias, A.M. Miglierina, R.A. Rosell, A. Glave. 1992. Rotación y fertilización en sistemas de producción de la región semiárida argentina. I. Productividad (calidad y rendimiento) del trigo. Rev. Fac. Agronomía (U.B.A.) 13 (1) 67-75.

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En la región semiárida bonaerense se estudió el efecto de 12 años de diferentes rotaciones con trigo (Triticum aestivum) sobre la productividad del cultivo. La rotaciones estudiadas fueron: TV, trigo-verdeos de invierno y verano; TI, trigo verdeos de invierno; TPa, trigo-alfalfa (Medicago sativa); TPc, trigo-pastura consociada. Todas ellas divididas en tratamientos sin (nf y con f) fertilizantes (N y P todos los años). Se incluyó la rotación trigo-pastoreo (TP), típica de la región. Se evaluaron la producción de materia seca total aérea (MSta), de grano, de paja, de proteína y el contenido de N en grano y paja. La inclusión de verdeos en la rotación produjo efecto positivo pero de corto plazo, mejoro el rendimiento pero no la calidad proteica del grano. La fertilización incrementó el rendimiento pero solo en TV mejoro la calidad. En las rotaciones con pastura el rendimiento en grano fue semejante, pero la respuesta a la fertilización fue significativa solamente en TPc. La alfalfa como antecesor favoreció la mayor producción y calidad inicial de la materia seca del trigo, sin incrementar en el rendimiento en grano.

Palabras clave: Rotaciones, trigo, productividad, región semiárida

Crop rotation and fertilization in Argentine semiarid region: Wheat productivity (quality and yield)

In the semi-arid region of the Buenos Aires province the effect of 12 years of different crop rotations with wheat (Triticum aestivum) on crop productivity was studied. The rotations were: TV, wheat-winter and summer grasses; TI, wheat-winter grasses; TPa wheat-alfalfa (Medicago sativa) pasture; TPc, wheat-mixed pasture. All divided into treatments without (nf) and with (f) fertilizer (N and P every year) application. Wheat-grazing, the typical of the region included rotation. production of total dry matter aerial (MSTA), grain, straw, protein and N content in grain and straw were evaluated. The inclusion of annual grasses into crop rotation produced a initial positive effect on crop performance and increased grain yield, however, grain quality were not modified. Fertilization increased wheat grain yields,  but in TV only quality was improved. Pasture in rotation with grain yield was similar, but the response to fertilization was significant only in TPc. Alfalfa as predecessor improved wheat dry matter quality, however, grain yield was not increased.

Key words: Crop-rotation, wheat productivity, semi-arid region

Rotación y fertilización en sistemas de producción de la región semiárida

Galantini J.A., J.O. Iglesias, A.M. Miglierina, R.A. Rosell, A. Glave. 1992. Rotación y fertilización en sistemas de producción de la región semiárida argentina. I. Productividad (calidad y rendimiento) del trigo. Rev. Fac. Agronomía (U.B.A.) 13 (1) 67-75.

Descarga por MEGA o ResearchGate 

En la región semiárida bonaerense se estudió el efecto de 12 años de diferentes rotaciones con trigo (Triticum aestivum) sobre la productividad del cultivo. La rotaciones estudiadas fueron: TV, trigo-verdeos de invierno y verano; TI, trigo verdeos de invierno; TPa, trigo-alfalfa (Medicago sativa); TPc, trigo-pastura consociada. Todas ellas divididas en tratamientos sin (nf y con f) fertilizantes (N y P todos los años). Se incluyó la rotación trigo-pastoreo (TP), típica de la región. Se evaluaron la producción de materia seca total aérea (MSta), de grano, de paja, de proteína y el contenido de N en grano y paja. La inclusión de verdeos en la rotación produjo efecto positivo pero de corto plazo, mejoro el rendimiento pero no la calidad proteica del grano. La fertilización incrementó el rendimiento pero solo en TV mejoro la calidad. En las rotaciones con pastura el rendimiento en grano fue semejante, pero la respuesta a la fertilización fue significativa solamente en TPc. La alfalfa como antecesor favoreció la mayor producción y calidad inicial de la materia seca del trigo, sin incrementar en el rendimiento en grano.

Palabras clave: Rotaciones, trigo, productividad, región semiárida

Crop rotation and fertilization in Argentine semiarid region: Wheat productivity (quality and yield)

In the semi-arid region of the Buenos Aires province the effect of 12 years of different crop rotations with wheat (Triticum aestivum) on crop productivity was studied. The rotations were: TV, wheat-winter and summer grasses; TI, wheat-winter grasses; TPa wheat-alfalfa (Medicago sativa) pasture; TPc, wheat-mixed pasture. All divided into treatments without (nf) and with (f) fertilizer (N and P every year) application. Wheat-grazing, the typical of the region included rotation. production of total dry matter aerial (MSTA), grain, straw, protein and N content in grain and straw were evaluated. The inclusion of annual grasses into crop rotation produced a initial positive effect on crop performance and increased grain yield, however, grain quality were not modified. Fertilization increased wheat grain yields,  but in TV only quality was improved. Pasture in rotation with grain yield was similar, but the response to fertilization was significant only in TPc. Alfalfa as predecessor improved wheat dry matter quality, however, grain yield was not increased.

Key words: Crop-rotation, wheat productivity, semi-arid region

Jornada Nacional Química de Suelos 2016

Más de 60 investigadores, docentes, profesionales, productores y estudiantes de diferentes puntos del país asistieron a la Jornada sobre Balance de Nitrógeno del Suelo en el Auditorium del CERZOS (UNS-CONICET) en Bahia Blanca.

ver articulo en Raíces Argentinas

JORNADA NACIONAL 2016

“Balance de Nitrógeno del Suelo: desde la Fertilización hasta la Fijación Biológica”

El Comité de Química de Suelos informa en su segunda circular que dicha Jornada, a realizarse en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca el 18 de Marzo de 2016, tendrá sede en el Centro de Recursos Naturales de la Zona Semiárida CERZOS (CCT-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.

El evento consistirá de tres conferencias plenarias y dos instancias de presentaciones orales cortas y pósters, con un espacio final para síntesis y conclusiones. 

2015 Texture influence on soil phosphorus content and distribution in semiarid Pampean grasslands

Suñer L., J.A. Galantini. 2015. Texture influence on soil phosphorus content and distribution in semiarid Pampean grasslands. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science (ISSN: 2320-7035) Vol.: 7, Issue.: 2 109-120, no.IJPSS.2015.136

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Soil texture can modify the content, equilibrium and dynamic of soil phosphorus (P) in very different ways. The objective of this work was to study the P form contents associated to physical fractionation of SOM in soils with different texture. Soil samples (0-0.15 m) were obtained from 27 sites with different texture in a twenty five years old pasture located in the Experimental Station of Bordenave, Argentina (63°01’20”W; 37°51’55”S). Soil particle size fractions were obtained by wet sieving separating the fine (0-100 µm) and coarse (100-2000 µm) fractions. Soil organic matter was determined in each fraction, mineral associated organic matter (MOM) and particulate organic matter (POM), respectively. Extractable (Pe), organic (Po), inorganic (Pi) and total extractable (Pt) phosphorus was determined and occluded P (Pocl) was calculated as the difference [Pt - (Po+Pi)] in the whole soil and the particles fractions. In these soils, texture determines P reserves and the equilibrium of its different forms. Available P forms (estimated by Pe) was related to the inorganic form present the fine fraction of the soil. Phosphorus content in its different forms is closely associated with soil fractions. The level of Po was higher in the coarse fraction of soils with a higher content of fine fractions. All the studied P forms were higher in fine textured soils than in coarse ones, however, P forms in particle size fractions showed different tendencies. In coarse textured soils, Po in the MOM was lower than fin textured ones, however, The P content in MOM was richer and POM was poorly than fine textured soils.